• To describe people and objects
• To talk about character traits and nationality
• To talk about where things are made
• To introduce a conclusion
• To understand adjective formation and position
• To pronounce final consonants on feminine forms but not on masculine forms
• To understand the importance of friendship for the French
NOTE Culturelle
L’amitié et la bande de copains
French people believe in friendship (l’amitié) and family life and rank these values far above money, material comfort, and personal success. The friendships they establish at an early age tend to be durable. Since French people move much less frequently than Americans, and since distances are much smaller, they remain in close contact with their high school friends throughout their entire lives.
French teenagers, like their American counterparts, are very sociable. They have a close-knit group of friends, known as la bande de copains, with whom they share common interests. They go out together, especially to movies, concerts, and parties. This group may include classmates, cousins, other young people whom they have met during vacations, as well as the children of family friends. When young people invite their friends to the house, it is customary to introduce them to their parents.
A.Les adjectifs: masculin et féminin
Compare the forms of the adjectives in heavy print as they describe masculine and feminine nouns.
MASCULINE FEMININE
Le scooter est petit. La voiture est petite.
Patrick est intelligent. Caroline est intelligente.
L’ordinateur est moderne. La télé est moderne.
In written French, feminine adjectives are usually formed as follows:
MASCULINE ADJECTIVE + -e = FEMININE ADJECTIVE
→ If the masculine adjective ends in -e, there is no change in the feminine form.
Jérôme est timide. Juliette est timide.
→ Adjectives that follow the above patterns are called REGULAR adjectives. Those that do not are called IRREGULAR adjectives. For example:
Marc est beau. Sylvie est belle.
Paul est canadien. Marie est canadienne.
NOTE French dictionaries list adjectives by their masculine forms. For irregular adjectives,
the feminine form is indicated in parentheses.
NOTES DE PRONONCIATION:
• If the masculine form of an adjective ends in a silent consonant, that consonant is pronounced in the feminine form.
• If the masculine form of an adjective ends in a vowel or a pronounced consonant,
the masculine and feminine forms sound the same.
DIFFERENT PRONUNCIATION SAME PRONUNCIATION
petit petite timide timide
blond blonde joli jolie
français française espagnol espagnole
LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE
ADJECTIVES are words that describe people, places, and things.
In French, MASCULINE adjectives are used with masculine nouns, and FEMININE adjectives are used with feminine nouns. This is called NOUN-ADJECTIVE AGREEMENT.
Voici Olivier.
Voici Sophie.
VOCABULAIRE La description
ADJECTIFS
amusant amusing, fun Il est amusant. Elle est amusante. intelligent intelligent Il est intelligent. Elle est intelligente. intéressant interesting Il est intéressant. Elle est intéressante. méchant mean, nasty Il n’est pas méchant. Elle n’est pas méchante. bête silly, dumb Il n’est pas bête. Elle n’est pas bête. sympathique nice, pleasant Il est sympathique. Elle est sympathique. timide timid Il est timide. Elle n’est pas timide. gentil (gentille) nice, kind Il est gentil. Elle est gentille. mignon (mignonne) cute Il est mignon. Elle est mignonne. sportif (sportive) athletic `Il est sportif. Elle est sportive.
ADVERBES
assez rather Nous sommes assez intelligents. très very Vous n’êtes pas très sportifs!
B.Les adjectifs: masculin et féminin
Compare the forms of the adjectives in heavy print as they describe singular and plural nouns.
SINGULAR PLURAL
Paul est intelligent et timide. Paul et Éric sont intelligents et timides.
Alice est intelligente et timide. Alice et Claire sont intelligentes et timides.
In written French, plural adjectives are usually formed as follows:
SINGULAR ADJECTIVE + -s = PLURAL ADJECTIVE
→ If the masculine singular adjective already ends in -s, there is no change in the plural form.
Patrick est français. Patrick et Daniel sont français.
BUT: Anne est française. Anne et Alice sont françaises.
NOTE DE PRONONCIATION: Because the final -s of plural adjectives is silent, singular and plural adjectives sound the same.
SUMMARY: Forms of regular adjectives
MASCULINE FEMININE also:
SINGULAR - -e
grand grande timide timide
PLURAL -s -es
grands grandes français françaises
VOCABULAIRELes adjectifs de nationalité
américain American italien (italienne) Italian mexicain Mexican canadien (canadienne) Canadian français French japonais Japanese anglais English chinois Chinese espagnol Spanish suisse Swiss
→ Words that describe nationality are adjectives and take adjective endings.
Monsieur Katagiri est japonais.
Kumi et Michiko sont japonaises.
VOCABULAIREExpression pour la conversation
→ How to introduce a conclusion:
alors so, then —J’habite à Québec.
—Alors, tu es canadien!
C. La place des adjectives
Note the position of the adjectives in the sentences on the right.
Philippe a une voiture. Il a une voiture anglaise.
Denise invite des copains. Elle invite des copains américains.
Voici un livre. Voici un livre intéressant.
J’ai des amies. J’ai des amies sympathiques.
In French, adjectives usually come AFTER the noun they modify,according to the pattern:
ARTICLE + NOUN + ADJECTIVE
une voiture française
des copains intéressants
Prononciation
Les consonnes finales
As you know, when the last letter of a word is a consonant, that consonant is often silent. But when a word ends in “e,” the consonant before it is pronounced. As you practice the following adjectives, be sure to distinguish between the masculine and the feminine forms.
MASCULINE ADJECTIVE FEMININE ADJECTIVE
(no final consonant sound) (final consonant sound)
Répétez:
blond /d/ blonde grand grande petit /t/ petite amusant amusante français /z/ française anglais anglaise américain /n/ américaine